湖泊和水库中藻类去除方法的研究进展

由于富营养化的影响，在我省少部分湖泊和水库中多次发生因藻类的强烈光合作用而产生的高pH值污染和藻类毒素对饮用水的污染等现象。该文综合了除藻的各种方式以及对环境的污染和对人体健康的影响等多种因素，认为以生物除藻和物理除藻两种方法比较适合我省的实际情况。     

光照、温度和藻类对底泥释放磷的影响

在悬浮底泥与藻类体系中,不同温度和光照条件对底泥释放磷的影响方面的研究,尚未见到过报道。现对此进行了研究,并得出下述结论:有藻存在时底泥的释放量大于无藻存在时底泥的释放量。光照度大时(一定限度下),底泥的释放量稍有增加;温度升高时,底泥的释放量加大;水柱中含泥量大时,则磷的释放量也大。此工作对在不同条件下浅湖的内负荷量计算提供了基础。     

利用藻类去除与回收工业废水中的金属

藻类对金属离子具有较强的富集能力，可作为生物吸附应用于工业污水中有毒、放射性金属的去除及稀有，贵重金属的回收，高效，经济、简便、选择性好，尤其适用于低浓度及一般方法不易去除的金属，是一种极有应用价值的传统方法的替代或辅助手段，藻类主要是通过生物吸附的途径去除及回收金属，多采用知细胞与固定化细胞两种富集体系。目前人类环境中金属污染仍相当严重，利用藻类富集这一生物工程技术处理含金属的工业污水，无论对于     

西昌邛海水质现状调查分析

四川西昌的邛海水体中浮游植物群体组成以硅藻、绿藻及鼓藻为主，据1986～1991年连续监测结果表明，邛海水质总体处于贫营养状况，仅局部有富营养性藻类出现。     

沙堆实验研究三峡库区典型水域环境的水华污染行为

基于自组织临界性理论，设计和实施了具有真实物理意义的沙堆实验，结合三峡库区典型流域多年来富营养污染和水华爆发的现场监测资料，研究了缓流水系综合营养指数的变化趋势，描述了水华爆发／消退过程的自组织临界性行为。将沙堆实验统计数据中符合自组织临界性规律的普适性因子：沙堆底盘直径D、沙粒长度三、沙粒半径r和沙粒密度ρ等，与富营养污染流域中导致水华爆发的非线性耗散型控制函数相关联，从而有可能通过不同情况下沙堆崩塌的难易程度、频度和规模来发现、描述和确定水华爆发的内在机制和演化过程。沙堆实验的数值分析结果与这些典型流域水华发生过程的周期振荡行为和变化规律具有较好的一致性。     

Effect of pH on Pb biouptake by the freshwater alga<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Chlorella kesslerii</Emphasis>

The effect of pH on Pb bioaccumulation by Chlorella kesslerii was studied. Both Pb uptake fluxes and Pb bound to membrane transport sites increased with an increase in pH from 4.0–5.0, were relatively stable in the pH interval 5.0–6.5, and increased again at pH 7.0 and 8.0. Protons affected Pb adsorption to the algal surface by competing directly for surface sites, by modifying the overall algal surface charge and by modifying the chemical speciation of Pb in solution. These results indicate a failure of the free-ion activity or biotic ligand models above pH 6.5, possibly due to the bioaccumulation of hydroxo or carbonato Pb complexes.     

Seasonal variation of Microcystis in Lake Taihu and its relationships with environmental factors

In order to monitor the changes of Microcystis along with temporal and spatial variations, seasonal variation of Microcystis in Lake Taihu was investigated by 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (16S-23S rRNA-ITS DGGE) and microscopic evaluation. Samples were collected quarterly at four sites (River Mouth, Meiliang Bay, Cross Area, and Lake Center) from August 2006 to April 2007. Results showed that Microcystis dominated total phytoplankton abundance at the four sites in all seasons except winter. The average annual abundance of Microcystis was relatively high at River Mouth and Meiliang Bay, reaching 81.22×106 and 61.32×106 cells/L, respectively. For temporal variations, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') according to DGGE profile revealed the richness of Microcystis in summer (H'=1.375±0.034) and winter (H'=1.650±0.032) was lower than that in spring (H'=2.078±0.031) and autumn (H'=2.365±0.032) (P<0.05). While for spatial variations, the richness of Microcystis at River Mouth (H'=2.015±0.074) was higher than at other sites during four seasons (P<0.01). Very few differences of Microcystis diversity in the same season were observed among the other three sites (P>0.05). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed to elucidate the relationships between Microcystis operational taxonomic units (OTUs) composition and the environmental factors. Results of CCA revealed that temperature was strongly positively correlated with the first axis (r=0.963), while TSS was negative correlated with the second axis (r=-0.716). Phylogenetic tree based on the sequencing results of target bands on DGGE gel indicated that samples collected in summer and winter constituted two separated clusters.     

Cyanobacteria-/cyanotoxin-contaminations and eutrophication status before Wuxi Drinking Water Crisis in Lake Taihu, China

After the appalling “Wuxi DrinkingWater Crisis”, increasing investigations concerning the contaminations of cyanobacterial blooms and their toxins in Lake Taihu have been performed and reported in the last two years. However, information regarding these issues before the crisis in 2007 remained insu cient. To provide some background data for further comparisons, the present study reported our investigations conducted in 2004, associated with the cyanotoxin contaminations as well as the eutrophication status in Lake Taihu. Results from the one-year-study near a drinking water resource for Wuxi City indicated that, unlike the status in recent two years, cyanobacteria and chlorophyta are the co-dominance species throughout the year. The highest toxin concentration (34.2 ng/mL) in water columns occurred in August. In bloom biomass, the peak value of intracellular toxin (0.59 g/mg DW) was determined in October, which was lag behind that in water column. In addition, MC-RR was the major toxin variant throughout the year. During the study period, nutrients levels of total nitrogen and phosphorus were also recorded monthly. Results from the present study will lead to a better understanding of the eutrophication status and the potential risks before “Wuxi Drinking Water Crisis”.     

环境因子对水华暴发的影响研究

水华是当水体藻类开始大量生长和繁殖并且聚集,最终达到一定浓度的现象。综述国内大型浅水湖泊及水库中影响水华暴发的环境因素的研究现状,分析水体营养条件以及适宜的气象、水文、生物条件等有利于藻类生长或聚集的环境影响因子,同时简介中国水华污染现状。对水华暴发研究领域的未来发展具有一定参考价值。     

三峡175米蓄水期间春季嘉陵江出口段藻类变化

为认识三峡大坝175m蓄水对春季嘉陵江藻类的影响,开展了春季嘉陵江出口段藻类活动频繁时期的现场调研。结果表明,与2007年春季相比,三峡大坝175m实验性蓄水期间,2009年春季嘉陵江出口段水位上涨、流速减缓、水体容量增大,营养盐受到一定程度稀释;硅藻为嘉陵江出口段绝对优势藻种,其中星肋小环藻与极小冠盘藻为水华藻种,星肋小环藻具有快速增长性,流速变缓不利于硅藻繁殖,致使总藻密度降低,总藻种数增加,其中绿、蓝、硅藻增加百分比较大,藻类多样性增大。